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Rugby union match officials are responsible for enforcing the rugby union laws of the game during a match and imposing sanctions on individuals who do not follow the rules. "Every match is under the control of match officials who consist of the referee and two touch judges or assistant referees."〔''Laws'', page 41.〕 Further officials can be authorised depending on the level and form of the game.〔''Law'' 6.C.〕 ==History== When the game of rugby union was developed at Rugby school, there were no official rugby referees. It was not until many years later when the game began to spread internationally that an official was included. Before the creation of rugby referees, the captains from both teams would set the rules down before the game began. The two captains would arbitrate the game together as it went on. Interestingly, this is where the ‘advantage’ law comes from in rugby union. This was because a team’s captain was not likely to complain or stop play if his side actually benefited from the other team’s infringement. In 1892, the International Rugby Board was created as a result of a disputed try that the captains could not agree on whether it had been scored. The rugby laws were changed to require one referee and two touch judges at each game to make the arbitration easier and more consistent.〔RugbyRugby.com. (2008). ''History of the referee in rugby.'' Retrieved April 5, 2010, from http://guide.rugbyrugby.com/Rugby%20Sections/History/Referee.asp〕 Since then the match official’s job has remained constant. The main change has been in the uniform and since 2000 the use of communication equipment and the television match official has greatly increased.〔Heaven's Game. (2009). ''Time to do away with the television match official.'' Retrieved April 5, 2010, from http://bloggers.heavensgame.com/Main/?p=47〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rugby union match officials」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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